Kulowa mu World of Engineering Plastic Materials: Properties ndi Application

Pankhani ya sayansi ya zinthu, mapulasitiki a engineering, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mapulasitiki ochita bwino, amadziwika ngati gulu la ma polima ochita bwino kwambiri omwe amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kupirira madera ovuta a mankhwala ndi thupi. Zidazi zimadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera, kulimba, kukana kutentha, kuuma, komanso kukana kukalamba. M'mawu osavuta, mapulasitiki auinjiniya ndi "crème de la crème" pamakampani apulasitiki, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mizati yofunika kwambiri pantchitoyi.

Kumvetsetsa Engineering Plastics

Mapulasitiki aumisiri samapangidwa ofanana. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. Thermoplastics:Mapulasitikiwa amafewetsa ndi kusungunuka akatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apangidwe mosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Polycarbonate (PC):Wodziwika bwino chifukwa chowonekera bwino, kukana kukhudzidwa, komanso kukhazikika kwake.
• Polyamide (PA):Amadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma, ndi kukana kuvala.
• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET):Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwamankhwala, kukhazikika kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
• Polyoxymethylene (POM):Imadziwika chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwapadera, kukangana kochepa, komanso kuuma kwakukulu.

2. Thermosets:Mosiyana ndi ma thermoplastics, ma thermosets amaumitsa kwamuyaya akachiritsa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osasunthika. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• Epoxy resins:Amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu, kukana mankhwala, ndi katundu wamagetsi.
• Phenolic resins:Amadziwika chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwa moto, kukana kwa mankhwala, komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe.
• Zojambula za silicone:Amadziwika chifukwa chokana kutentha kwambiri, kusinthasintha, komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zapulasitiki Zapulasitiki

Mapulasitiki aumisiri alowa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso kusinthasintha. Nawa mapulogalamu odziwika bwino:

1. Zagalimoto:Mapulasitiki aumisiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo, mphamvu zawo, komanso kuthekera kopirira madera ovuta.

2. Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi:Makhalidwe awo abwino kwambiri otchinjiriza magetsi amapangitsa mapulasitiki a uinjiniya kukhala abwino pazinthu zamagetsi, zolumikizira, ndi ma board ozungulira.

3. Zida:Mapulasitiki aumisiri amapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana mankhwala.

4. Zida Zachipatala:Kusagwirizana kwawo ndi biocompatibility ndi kuletsa kutsekereza kumapangitsa mapulasitiki a uinjiniya kukhala oyenera ma implants azachipatala, zida zopangira opaleshoni, ndi zida zoperekera mankhwala.

5. Zamlengalenga:Mapulasitiki aumisiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zolemera, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutopa.

Kusankha Zida Zapulasitiki Zoyenera Zauinjiniya

Kusankha zida zapulasitiki zoyenera zauinjiniya kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwanjira inayake kumafuna kuganizira mozama zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• Makaniko katundu:Mphamvu, kuuma, ductility, kukana mphamvu, ndi kukana kutopa.
• Thermal katundu:Kukana kutentha, malo osungunuka, kutentha kwa magalasi, ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.
• Chemical katundu:Chemical resistance, solvent resistance, ndi biocompatibility.
• Makhalidwe akukonza:Moldability, machinability, ndi weldability.
• Mtengo ndi kupezeka:Mtengo wazinthu, zopangira, ndi kupezeka.

Mapeto

Zipangizo zamapulasitiki zaumisiri zasintha mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zake zochititsa chidwi komanso ntchito zake zambiri. Kukhoza kwawo kupirira madera ovuta, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kutsika mtengo, kwawapanga kukhala zigawo zofunika kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pomwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso sayansi yazinthu ikukula, mapulasitiki a engineering ali okonzeka kupitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza tsogolo lazatsopano.

Mwa kuphatikiza mawu osakira omwe mukufuna patsamba lonse labulogu ndikutengera mawonekedwe okhazikika, izi zimakonzedwa kuti ziwonekere pakusaka. Kuphatikizika kwa zithunzi zoyenera ndi mitu yankhani yodziwitsa kumapangitsanso kuwerenga komanso kuchitapo kanthu.