Kuyamba kwa Zinthu Zowonongeka Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikufunika pakuwongolera chilengedwe komanso kulimbikitsa mosalekeza kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki m'dziko, makampani opanga zida zowola ku China abweretsa mwayi waukulu wachitukuko.

Zinthu zatsopano zowola, zotsogozedwa ndi mapulasitiki osawonongeka, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera “kuipitsa koyera” kwa mapulasitiki otayidwa, akubwera m'malingaliro a anthu mochulukirapo.

Kenako, ndikufuna ndikufotokozereni zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi biodegradable.

PLA

Polylactic acid (Poly lactic acid PLA) ndiye chinthu chowonongeka kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chomwe chimatchedwanso polylactide, chomwe kulibe m'chilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi lactic acid ngati chinthu chachikulu.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti wowuma zopangira ndi saccharified kuti shuga, ndiyeno shuga ndi mabakiteriya ena thovu kutulutsa mkulu-kuyera lactic acid, ndiyeno asidi polylactic ndi ena maselo kulemera apanga ndi synthesis mankhwala.

Mtengo PBAT.

PBAT ndi ya mapulasitiki a thermoplastic biodegradable. Ndi copolymer ya butylene adipate ndi butylene terephthalate. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a PBA ndi PBT. Sikuti imakhala ndi ductility yabwino komanso elongation panthawi yopuma, komanso imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso mphamvu zake. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi biodegradability yabwino kwambiri.

Pakati pawo, zopangira monga butanediol, oxalic acid ndi PTA zimapezeka mosavuta ndipo zimatha kukonzedwa mosiyanasiyana m'njira zambiri, monga jekeseni, kuumba kwa extrusion, kuwombera ndi zina zotero.

Pakadali pano, zinthu zamapulasitiki zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika zasinthidwa kapena kuphatikizidwa, momwe PBAT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi PLA. Mwachitsanzo, thumba lapulasitiki losawonongeka lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu ndi gulu la PLA ndi PBAT.

Kuyerekeza kwa mapulogalamu otsika pakati pa PBAT ndi PLA

Mtengo PBS.

PBS imatchedwa polybutylene succinate. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, Showa Polymer Company yaku Japan idagwiritsa ntchito isocyanate ngati chain extender ndipo idachitapo kanthu ndi polyester yolemera kwambiri yopangidwa ndi Polycondensation ya dicarboxylic glycol kukonza ma polima olemera kwambiri. PBS polyester idayamba kukopa chidwi chambiri ngati mtundu watsopano wapulasitiki wosawonongeka. Poyerekeza ndi ma polyester achikhalidwe omwe amatha kuwonongeka, PBS ili ndi zabwino zake zotsika mtengo zopangira, malo osungunuka kwambiri, kukana kutentha komanso makina amakina. gwero lake zopangira angapezeke osati ku chuma mafuta, komanso kwachilengedwenso zinthu nayonso mphamvu. pansi pa chikhalidwe chakuti mafuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizingangowonjezedwanso zikutha, khalidweli liri ndi tanthauzo lalikulu.

Mwachidule, kuyerekeza kwazinthu zakuthupi pakati pa PBS,PLS,PBAT ndi PHA

Pakadali pano, zinthu zamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi biodegradable ndizosiyana. PLA imakhala yowonekera bwino, yonyezimira, yosungunuka kwambiri komanso mphamvu, koma kulimba kocheperako komanso crystallinity. PBAT ili ndi mawonekedwe a PBA ndi PBT, ndipo imakhala ndi ductility yabwino komanso elongation panthawi yopuma. Koma chotchinga chake cha nthunzi cha madzi ndi chotchinga mpweya wa okosijeni ndizosauka. PBS ili ndi kukana madzi abwino, kukana kutentha ndi katundu wambiri, zenera la kutentha kwa processing, ndipo ili ndi ntchito yabwino yopangira mapulasitiki owonongeka. Kutentha kotentha kwa PBS kuli pafupi ndi 100C, ndipo kumatha kukhala kopitilira 100C kusinthidwa. Komabe, PBS ilinso ndi zofooka zina monga kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso kutsika kwa crystallization. Pankhani ya biodegradability, kuwonongeka kwa PLA kumakhala kovutirapo, PBS ndi PBAT ndizosavuta kunyozedwa. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti biodegradation wa PLA, PBS ndi PBAT sungakhoze kuchitika mu mikhalidwe iliyonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadetsedwa ndi michere ndi tizilombo mu chilengedwe cha kompositi, nthaka, madzi ndi adamulowetsa sludge.

Mwachidule, ntchito imodzi degradable pulasitiki yaiwisi ali ndi zolakwika zake, koma pambuyo copolymerization, kusakaniza, othandizira ndi zosintha zina, akhoza kwenikweni kuphimba ntchito mapulasitiki disposable monga Pe, PP ma CD, nsalu, tableware disposable. ndi zina zotero.