Ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zophatikizika ndiye maziko ndi chikhalidwe chakukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu. Ndi kufalikira kwa gawo la ntchito zamagulu ophatikizika, makampani ophatikizika akhala akukula mwachangu, njira zina zowumba zikuyenda bwino, njira zatsopano zowumba zikupitiliza kuwonekera, pakadali pano pali njira zopitilira 20 zopangira ma polima masanjidwewo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mafakitale. monga:
(1) Kupanga phala lamanja - njira yonyowa yopangira;
(2) Njira yopangira ndege;
(3) utomoni kutengerapo akamaumba luso (RTM luso);
(4) thumba kuthamanga njira (kukakamiza thumba njira) akamaumba;
(5) Kumangira thumba la vacuum;
(6) Autoclave kupanga luso;
(7) Ukadaulo wopangira ma ketulo a Hydraulic;
(8) Ukadaulo wowongoka wowonjezera kutentha;
(9) Tekinoloje yopangira masangweji;
(10) Kuumba zinthu kupanga ndondomeko;
(11) ZMC akamaumba zinthu jekeseni luso;
(12) Kuumba njira;
(13) Ukadaulo wopanga laminate;
(14) Kugudubuza chubu kupanga luso;
(15) Ukadaulo wokhotakhota wa CHIKWANGWANI umapanga ukadaulo;
(16) Kupitiriza kupanga mbale ndondomeko;
(17) Ukadaulo wakuponya;
(18) pultrusion akamaumba ndondomeko;
(19) Kupitiriza zokhotakhota chitoliro kupanga ndondomeko;
(20) Ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zida zoluka;
(21) Ukadaulo wopanga wa nkhungu zamapepala a thermoplastic ndi njira yozizira yopondaponda;
(22) jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko;
(23) Extrusion akamaumba ndondomeko;
(24) Centrifugal kuponyera chubu kupanga ndondomeko;
(25) Ukadaulo wina wopanga.
Kutengera ndi utomoni wa utomoni wosankhidwa, njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizoyenera kupanga ma composites a thermosetting ndi thermoplastic motsatana, ndipo njira zina ndizoyenera zonse ziwiri.
Zophatikizika zomwe zimapanga mapangidwe azinthu: poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wazinthu zina zopangira, zida zophatikizika kupanga njira zili ndi izi:
(1) Kupanga zinthu ndi kupanga zinthu panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti amalize zonse, kupanga zinthu zophatikizika, ndiko kuti, kupanga zinthu. Kuchita kwazinthu kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, chifukwa chake pakusankha zida, chiŵerengero cha mapangidwe, kudziwa mtundu wa fiber layering ndi njira yowumba, iyenera kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi mankhwala azinthu, mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. zofunika.
(2) mankhwala akamaumba ndi yosavuta ambiri thermosetting gulu utomoni masanjidwewo, akamaumba ndi madzi oyenda, kulimbikitsa zakuthupi ndi CHIKWANGWANI zofewa kapena nsalu, Choncho, ndi zipangizo kutulutsa mankhwala gulu, ndondomeko chofunika ndi zipangizo ndi losavuta kuposa zipangizo zina, kwa mankhwala ena amatha kupanga zisankho zokha.
Choyamba, kukhudzana otsika kuthamanga akamaumba ndondomeko
Njira yolumikizira kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono imadziwika ndi kuyika kwamanja kwa kulimbikitsa, kutulutsa utomoni, kapena kuyika kosavuta kothandizira kulimbikitsa ndi utomoni. Chikhalidwe china cha njira yolumikizira yotsika kwambiri ndikuti kuumba sikufunikira kukakamiza kuumba (kulumikizana ndi akamaumba), kapena kungogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza otsika (0.01 ~ 0.7mpa kukakamiza pambuyo pakuumba kukhudzana, kupanikizika kwakukulu sikudutsa 2.0) mpa).
Lumikizanani otsika-anzanu akamaumba ndondomeko, ndi zinthu woyamba mu nkhungu mwamuna, nkhungu mwamuna kapena nkhungu kapangidwe mawonekedwe, ndiyeno kupyolera Kutentha kapena chipinda kuchiritsa, demoulding ndiyeno kudzera processing wothandiza ndi mankhwala. M'gulu la mtundu uwu akamaumba ndondomeko ndi dzanja phala akamaumba, ndege akamaumba, kukanikiza thumba akamaumba, utomoni kutengerapo akamaumba, autoclave akamaumba ndi matenthedwe akamaumba kukula (otsika kuthamanga akamaumba). Zoyamba ziwiri ndizopangana.
Mu kukhudzana otsika kuthamanga akamaumba ndondomeko, dzanja phala akamaumba ndondomeko ndi anatulukira woyamba kupanga polima masanjidwewo zakuthupi gulu, ambiri ambiri ntchito osiyanasiyana, njira zina ndi chitukuko ndi kusintha dzanja phala akamaumba ndondomeko. Ubwino waukulu wa kukhudzana kupanga njira ndi yosavuta zida, kusinthasintha lonse, ndalama zochepa ndi zotsatira mwamsanga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero m'zaka zaposachedwapa, kukhudzana otsika-anzanu akamaumba ndondomeko mu dziko gulu la zinthu mafakitale kupanga, akadali kutenga gawo lalikulu, monga United States amawerengera 35%, Western Europe mlandu 25%, Japan ankawerengera 42%, China idawerengera 75%. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika ndi irreplaceable kukhudzana otsika kuthamanga akamaumba luso mu gulu la zinthu makampani kupanga, ndi njira njira kuti sadzasiya konse. Koma chosowa chake chachikulu ndikuti kupanga kwachangu ndikotsika, kulimbikira kwa ntchito ndikwambiri, kubwereza kwazinthu kumakhala koyipa ndi zina zotero.
1. Zopangira
Kulumikizana ndi otsika kuthamanga akamaumba yaiwisi ndi zida analimbitsa, utomoni ndi zinthu zothandizira.
(1) Zida zowonjezera
Kulumikizana kupanga zofunika zipangizo kumatheka: (1) kumatheka zipangizo ndi zosavuta impregnated ndi utomoni; (2) Pali kusinthasintha kokwanira kwa mawonekedwe kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zowumba zamapangidwe ovuta azinthu; (3) thovu ndi zosavuta kuchotsa; (4) amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala pazogwiritsa ntchito zinthu; ⑤ Mtengo wokwanira (wotsika mtengo momwe ungathere), magwero ambiri.
Zida zolimbitsa zopangira kulumikizana zimaphatikizanso ulusi wagalasi ndi nsalu yake, kaboni fiber ndi nsalu yake, Arlene fiber ndi nsalu yake, etc.
(2) Zida za matrix
Lumikizanani otsika kuthamanga akamaumba ndondomeko zofunika masanjidwewo zakuthupi: (1) pansi chikhalidwe phala phala, zosavuta zilowerere CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa zakuthupi, zosavuta kusaganizira thovu, amphamvu adhesion ndi CHIKWANGWANI; (2) Kutentha kwa chipinda kumatha kupaka gel, kulimbitsa, ndipo kumafunikira kuchepa, kusasunthika kochepa; (3) Oyenera mamasukidwe akayendedwe: zambiri 0,2 ~ 0.5Pa · s, sangathe kutulutsa guluu otaya chodabwitsa; (4) wopanda poizoni kapena otsika kawopsedwe; Mtengo wake ndi wololera ndipo gwero ndi lotsimikizika.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndi: unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide resin, polyimide resin ndi zina zotero.
Zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito kwa njira zingapo zopangira utomoni:
Zofunikira pakuumba kwa katundu wa utomoni
Kupanga gel osakaniza
1, akamaumba sikuyenda, zosavuta defoaming
2, yunifolomu kamvekedwe, palibe mtundu woyandama
3, kuchiritsa mwachangu, popanda makwinya, kumamatira bwino ndi wosanjikiza wa utomoni
Kuumba mmwamba mmwamba
1, impregnation yabwino, yosavuta kuti zilowerere CHIKWANGWANI, zosavuta kuchotsa thovu
2, kufalikira pambuyo pochiritsa mwachangu, kutulutsa kutentha pang'ono, kuchepa
3, osasunthika pang'ono, pamwamba pa zinthuzo si zomata
4. Kumamatira bwino pakati pa zigawo
Jekeseni akamaumba
1. Onetsetsani zofunikira pakupanga phala lamanja
2. Thixotropic kuchira ndi kale
3, kutentha sikukhudza kukhuthala kwa utomoni
4. Utomoni uyenera kukhala woyenera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kukhuthala sayenera kuwonjezeka pambuyo pa kuwonjezera kwa accelerator.
Kuumba thumba
1, kunyowa bwino, kosavuta kuvina fiber, kosavuta kutulutsa thovu
2, kuchiritsa mwachangu, kuchiritsa kutentha pang'ono
3, yosavuta kuyenda zomatira, zomatira mwamphamvu pakati pa zigawo
(3) Zida zothandizira
Njira yolumikizirana ndi zida zothandizira, makamaka imatanthawuza zodzaza ndi mitundu iwiri, ndi machiritso, ochepetsera, owumitsa, omwe ali m'gulu la matrix a resin.
2, nkhungu ndi kumasula wothandizira
(1) Nkhungu
Nkhungu ndiye chida chachikulu mumitundu yonse yolumikizirana kupanga. Ubwino wa nkhungu umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino ndi mtengo wa mankhwala, choncho uyenera kupangidwa mosamala ndi kupanga.
Popanga nkhungu, zofunikira zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama: (1) Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni za kapangidwe ka mankhwala, kukula kwa nkhungu ndi kolondola ndipo pamwamba ndi yosalala; (2) kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndi kuuma; (3) kugwetsa koyenera; (4) kukhala ndi kukhazikika kokwanira kwa kutentha; Kulemera kopepuka, gwero lazinthu zokwanira komanso mtengo wotsika.
Nkhungu dongosolo kukhudzana akamaumba nkhungu anawagawa: mwamuna nkhungu, mwamuna nkhungu ndi mitundu itatu ya nkhungu, ziribe kanthu mtundu wa nkhungu, akhoza zochokera kukula, akamaumba amafuna, kapangidwe lonse kapena anasonkhana nkhungu.
Popanga nkhungu, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
① Itha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakulondola kwa mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi moyo wautumiki wazinthu;
(2) Zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba kuti zitsimikizire kuti nkhunguyo siili yophweka kuti ikhale yopunduka ndikuwonongeka pogwiritsira ntchito;
(3) sichinawonongeke ndi utomoni ndipo sichimakhudza kuchiritsa kwa utomoni;
(4) Good kutentha kukana, mankhwala kuchiritsa ndi Kutentha machiritso, nkhungu si wopunduka;
(5) Zosavuta kupanga, zosavuta kukongoletsa;
(6) tsiku kuchepetsa nkhungu kulemera, kupanga yabwino;
⑦ Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo ndipo zida zake ndi zosavuta kuzipeza. Zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nkhungu za phala lamanja ndi: matabwa, zitsulo, gypsum, simenti, zitsulo zotsika kwambiri zosungunuka, mapulasitiki olimba a thovu ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi galasi.
Zofunikira za othandizira otulutsa:
1. Siziwononga nkhungu, sizimakhudza kuchiritsa kwa utomoni, zomatira za utomoni ndi zosakwana 0.01mpa;
(2) Short film kupanga nthawi, yunifolomu makulidwe, pamwamba yosalala;
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo, palibe poizoni;
(4) kutentha kukana, kumatha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa machiritso;
⑤ Ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yotsika mtengo.
Wotulutsa wolumikizana kupanga njira makamaka imaphatikizapo kutulutsa filimu, wotulutsa madzi ndi mafuta, wotulutsa sera.
Hand phala kupanga ndondomeko
Njira yopangira phala pamanja ndi motere:
(1) Kukonzekera kupanga
Kukula kwa malo ogwirira ntchito pamanja kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwazinthu komanso kutulutsa kwatsiku ndi tsiku. Malowa azikhala aukhondo, owuma komanso olowera mpweya wabwino, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kuzikhala pakati pa 15 ndi 35 digiri Celsius. Gawo lokonzanso pambuyo pokonza lidzakhala ndi zida zochotsa fumbi lotulutsa ndi kupopera madzi.
Kukonzekera nkhungu kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kusonkhanitsa ndi kumasula wothandizira.
Guluu wa utomoni akakonzedwa, tiyenera kulabadira mavuto awiri: (1) kuteteza guluu kusakaniza thovu; (2) Kuchuluka kwa guluu sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka, ndipo ndalama zonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso pa gel osakaniza.
Zipangizo zowonjezera Mitundu ndi ndondomeko ya zida zowonjezera ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe.
(2) Kupaka ndi kuchiritsa
Wosanjikiza phala Buku wosanjikiza phala lagawidwa mu chonyowa njira ndi youma njira ziwiri: (1) youma wosanjikiza-prepreg nsalu monga zopangira, zinthu chisanadze kuphunzira (nsalu) malinga ndi chitsanzo kudula mu zinthu zoipa, wosanjikiza-kufewetsa Kutentha. , ndiyeno wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza pa nkhungu, ndipo tcherani khutu kuthetsa thovu pakati pa zigawo, kuti wandiweyani. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma autoclave ndi thumba. (2) Chonyowa layering mwachindunji mu nkhungu kulimbitsa zinthu kuviika, wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza pafupi nkhungu, deduct thovu, kupanga wandiweyani. General dzanja phala ndondomeko ndi njira iyi layering. Chonyowa layering chimagawidwa mu gelcoat wosanjikiza phala ndi kapangidwe wosanjikiza phala.
Chida choyika pamanja Chida choyika pamanja chimakhudza kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. Pali ubweya wodzigudubuza, bristle roller, spiral roller ndi macheka amagetsi, kubowola magetsi, makina opukuta ndi zina zotero.
Solidify mankhwala kulimbitsa cent sclerosis ndi kupsa magawo awiri: kuchokera gel osakaniza kwa trigonal kusintha amafuna 24h ambiri, pakali pano kulimbitsa digiri kuchuluka kwa 50% ~ 70% (ba Ke kuuma digiri 15), akhoza demolom, atanyamuka kulimbitsa pansi chilengedwe chilengedwe chikhalidwe Kutha kwa milungu 1 ~ 2 kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale ndi mphamvu zamakina, tinene kuti zakupsa, digiri yake yolimba imafika 85% pamwamba. Kutentha kumatha kulimbikitsa njira yochiritsira. Pakuti zitsulo galasi poliyesitala, Kutentha pa 80 ℃ kwa 3h, kwa epoxy galasi zitsulo, positi kuchiritsa kutentha akhoza lizilamulira mkati 150 ℃. Pali njira zambiri zowotchera ndi kuchiritsa, zinthu zapakatikati ndi zazing'ono zimatha kutenthedwa ndikuchiritsidwa mung'anjo yochiritsa, zinthu zazikulu zimatha kutenthedwa kapena kutentha kwa infuraredi.
(3)Demoulding ndi kuvala
Demoulding demoulding kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala sakuwonongeka. Njira zowonongera zili motere: (1) Chipangizo chojambulira ejection chimayikidwa mu nkhungu, ndipo zomangira zimazunguliridwa pochotsa chinthucho. The kuthamanga demoulding nkhungu ali wothinikizidwa mpweya kapena kulowa madzi, demoulding adzakhala wothinikizidwa mpweya kapena madzi (0.2mpa) pakati pa nkhungu ndi mankhwala, pa nthawi yomweyo ndi nkhuni nyundo ndi mphira nyundo, kuti mankhwala ndi nkhungu kulekana. (3) Kukonza zinthu zazikulu (monga zombo) mothandizidwa ndi jacks, cranes ndi hardwood wedges ndi zida zina. (4) mankhwala zovuta angagwiritse ntchito buku demoulding njira muiike awiri kapena atatu zigawo za FRP pa nkhungu, kuti kuchiritsidwa pambuyo peeling ku nkhungu, ndiyeno kuvala nkhungu kupitiriza muiike kwa mapangidwe makulidwe, n'zosavuta chotsani nkhungu mutachira.
Kuvala kuvala kumagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndi kuvala kukula, ina kukonza zolakwika. (1) Pambuyo pakupanga kukula kwa zinthuzo, malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kuti mudule gawo lowonjezera; (2) Kukonza zolakwika kumaphatikizapo kukonza zowonongeka, kuwira, kukonza ming'alu, kulimbitsa dzenje, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira jet
Ukadaulo wopangira ma jet ndikuwongolera kupanga phala lamanja, digiri ya semi - mechanized. Ukadaulo wopangira ma jeti ndiwothandiza kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri, monga 9.1% ku United States, 11.3% ku Western Europe, ndi 21% ku Japan. Pakali pano, makina opangira jakisoni apakhomo amatumizidwa makamaka kuchokera ku United States.
(1) Njira yopangira jeti ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa
jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko wothira ndi initiator ndi kulimbikitsa mitundu iwiri ya poliyesitala, motero kuchokera kutsitsi mfuti kunja mbali zonse, ndipo adzadula fiberglass roving, ndi likulu la nyali, kusakaniza ndi utomoni, gawo kwa nkhungu, pamene gawo. kuti makulidwe ena, ndi wodzigudubuza compaction, kupanga CHIKWANGWANI zimalimbikitsa utomoni, kuthetsa thovu mpweya, anachiritsa mu mankhwala.
Ubwino wa kuumba kwa ndege: (1) kugwiritsa ntchito galasi fiber roving m'malo mwa nsalu, kungachepetse mtengo wa zipangizo; (2) Kuchita bwino kwa kupanga ndi 2-4 nthawi zambiri kuposa phala lamanja; (3) mankhwala ali ndi umphumphu wabwino, palibe mfundo, mkulu interlayer kukameta ubweya mphamvu, mkulu utomoni zili, zabwino dzimbiri kukana ndi kutayikira kukana; (4) imatha kuchepetsa kumwa kwa chipwirikiti, kudula zidutswa za nsalu ndi madzi otsala a guluu; Kukula kwazinthu ndi mawonekedwe ake sizoletsedwa. kuipa ndi: (1) mkulu utomoni zili, otsika mphamvu mankhwala; (2) mankhwala amatha kuchita mbali imodzi yosalala; ③ Zimawononga chilengedwe komanso zimawononga thanzi la ogwira ntchito.
Kupanga kwa ndege mpaka 15kg / min, koyenera kupanga ziboliboli zazikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza bafa, chivundikiro cha makina, chimbudzi chophatikizika, zida zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zazikulu zothandizira.
(2) Kukonzekera kupanga
Kuphatikiza pa kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomeko ya phala lamanja, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa chilengedwe. Malingana ndi kukula kwa mankhwala, chipinda cha opaleshoni chikhoza kutsekedwa kuti chipulumutse mphamvu.
Kukonzekera kwazinthu zopangira ndi utomoni (makamaka unsaturated polyester resin) ndi magalasi osapindika a fiber roving.
Kukonzekera nkhungu kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kusonkhanitsa ndi kumasula wothandizira.
jekeseni akamaumba zida jekeseni jekeseni akamaumba makina lagawidwa mitundu iwiri: kuthamanga thanki mtundu ndi mpope mtundu: (1) pompopompo mtundu jekeseni akamaumba makina, ndi utomoni woyambitsa ndi accelerator amatsatira amapopedwa kwa chosakanizira malo amodzi, osakaniza mokwanira ndiyeno ejected ndi kutsitsi. mfuti, yomwe imadziwika kuti mtundu wosakanikirana wamfuti. Zigawo zake ndi pneumatic control system, resin pump, pompu yothandizira, chosakanizira, mfuti yopopera, injector yodulira fiber, etc. Pampu ya resin ndi mpope wothandizira zimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi mkono wa rocker. Sinthani malo a mpope wothandizira pa mkono wa rocker kuti muwonetsetse kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza. Pansi pa mpweya kompresa, utomoni ndi wothandizira wothandizira amasakanizidwa mofanana mu chosakanizira ndipo amapangidwa ndi madontho amfuti amfuti, omwe amawapopera pamwamba pa nkhungu ndi ulusi wodulidwa. Makina a jetwa ali ndi mfuti ya glue, mawonekedwe osavuta, kulemera pang'ono, zinyalala zoyambira, koma chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwadongosolo, ziyenera kutsukidwa mukangomaliza, kuti mupewe kutsekeka kwa jekeseni. (2) Makina osindikizira amtundu wa guluu wa guluu ndikuyika guluu wa resin mu thanki yopondereza motsatana, ndikupanga guluu kukhala mfuti yopopera kuti ipope mosalekeza ndi kuthamanga kwa gasi mu thanki. Muli matanki awiri a utomoni, chitoliro, valavu, mfuti yopopera, jekeseni wodulira fiber, trolley ndi bulaketi. Mukamagwira ntchito, gwirizanitsani mpweya woponderezedwa, pangani mpweya woponderezedwa kudutsa mu cholekanitsa chamadzi mu thanki ya resin, chodulira magalasi ndi mfuti yopopera, kuti utomoni ndi galasi fiber zimatulutsidwa mosalekeza ndi mfuti ya spray, resin atomization, galasi CHIKWANGWANI kupezeka, kusakaniza wogawana ndiyeno kumira mu nkhungu. Jeti iyi ndi utomoni wosakanikirana kunja kwa mfuti, kotero sikophweka kumangirira mphuno ya mfuti.
(3) Utsi kuumba akamaumba ulamuliro
Kusankha kwa magawo a jakisoni: ① Zinthu zopopera utomoni zomwe zili ndi utomoni, zowongolera zokhala ndi utomoni pafupifupi 60%. Pamene viscosity ya utomoni ndi 0.2Pa · s, kuthamanga kwa thanki ya resin ndi 0.05-0.15mpa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa atomization ndi 0.3-0.55mpa, kufanana kwa zigawozo kungathe kutsimikiziridwa. (3) Mtunda wosanganikirana wa utomoni wopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mbali yosiyana ya mfuti ya spray ndi yosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, ngodya ya 20 ° imasankhidwa, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa mfuti yapope ndi nkhungu ndi 350 ~ 400mm. Kusintha mtunda, Angle ya mfuti yopopera iyenera kukhala yothamanga kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti chigawo chilichonse chimasakanizidwa mumsewu pafupi ndi nkhungu kuti guluu lisawuluke.
Utsi akamaumba ayenera kudziŵika: (1) kutentha yozungulira ayenera kulamulidwa pa (25 ± 5) ℃, kwambiri, zosavuta chifukwa blockage wa kutsitsi mfuti; Kutsika kwambiri, kusakanikirana kosafanana, kuchiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono; (2) Palibe madzi omwe amaloledwa mu jet system, mwinamwake khalidwe la mankhwala lidzakhudzidwa; (3) Musanapange, tsitsani utomoni pa nkhungu, ndiyeno utsire utomoni wosakaniza wosanjikiza; (4) Musanapange jekeseni, choyamba sinthani kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuwongolera utomoni ndi magalasi a fiber; (5) Mfuti yopoperayo iyenera kuyenda mofanana kuti isatayike ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Izo sizingakhoze kupita mu arc. Kuphatikizika pakati pa mizere iwiriyi sikuchepera 1/3, ndipo kuphimba ndi makulidwe ake ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa wosanjikiza, nthawi yomweyo ntchito wodzigudubuza compaction, ayenera kulabadira m'mbali ndi concave ndi otukukira pansi pamwamba, kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense wosanjikiza mbamuikha lathyathyathya, utsi thovu, kupewa ndi CHIKWANGWANI chifukwa burrs; Pambuyo aliyense wosanjikiza wa kutsitsi, kufufuza, woyenerera pambuyo wosanjikiza wotsitsira; ⑧ Wosanjikiza womaliza kupopera ena, pangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale bwino; ⑨ Sambani ndegeyo mukangogwiritsa ntchito kuti mupewe kulimba kwa utomoni ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Resin kusamutsa akamaumba
Resin Transfer Molding yofupikitsidwa ngati RTM. RTM inayamba mu 1950s, ndi chatsekedwa kufa kupanga luso la manja phala akamaumba ndondomeko kusintha, akhoza kutulutsa mankhwala mbali ziwiri kuwala. M'mayiko akunja, Resin Injection ndi Pressure Infection akuphatikizidwanso m'gululi.
Mfundo yayikulu ya RTM ndikuyika magalasi olimba a fiber mu nkhungu ya nkhungu yotsekedwa. Gel ya utomoni imalowetsedwa mu nkhungu ndi kukakamizidwa, ndipo zinthu zolimbitsa magalasi zimanyowa, kenako zimachiritsidwa, ndipo chopangidwacho chimaphwanyidwa.
Kuchokera pa kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wa RTM ziphatikiza jekeseni wowongolera ma microcomputer, ukadaulo wowongolera zinthu, nkhungu yotsika mtengo, njira yochizira utomoni mwachangu, kukhazikika kwadongosolo ndi kusinthika, ndi zina zambiri.
Makhalidwe a RTM kupanga teknoloji: (1) akhoza kupanga zinthu ziwiri; (2) Kupanga bwino kwambiri, koyenera kupanga zinthu zapakatikati za FRP (zidutswa zosakwana 20000/chaka); ③RTM ndi ntchito yotseka nkhungu, yomwe siyiyipitsa chilengedwe komanso sikuwononga thanzi la ogwira ntchito; (4) zinthu zolimbikitsa zitha kuyikidwa mbali iliyonse, zosavuta kuzindikira zolimbikitsira malinga ndi kupsinjika kwachitsanzo cha mankhwala; (5) zochepa zopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu; ⑥ Kuchepetsa ndalama pomanga fakitale, mwachangu.
Ukadaulo wa RTM umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mayendedwe, matelefoni, zaumoyo, zakuthambo ndi magawo ena amakampani. Zomwe tapanga ndi: nyumba zamagalimoto ndi magawo, zida zamagalimoto osangalatsa, zozungulira, 8.5m kutalika kwamphepo yamphepo yamtali, radome, chivundikiro cha makina, bafa, chipinda chosambira, bolodi losambira, mpando, thanki yamadzi, nyumba yamafoni, telegraph pole. , yacht yaying'ono, etc.
(1) Njira ya RTM ndi zida
Njira yonse yopanga RTM imagawidwa m'njira 11. Ogwira ntchito ndi zida ndi zida za ndondomeko iliyonse ndizokhazikika. Chikombolecho chimanyamulidwa ndi galimoto ndikudutsa njira iliyonse kuti izindikire ntchito yothamanga. Nthawi yozungulira ya nkhungu pamzere wa msonkhano ikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zimapangidwira. Zogulitsa zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimatenga mphindi khumi zokha, ndipo kupanga kwazinthu zazikulu kumatha kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 1h.
Zida zomangira RTM zida zomangira zimakhala makamaka makina ojambulira utomoni ndi nkhungu.
Makina ojambulira utomoni amapangidwa ndi pampu ya utomoni ndi mfuti ya jakisoni. Pampu ya resin ndi seti ya mapampu obwereza pisitoni, pamwamba pake ndi pampu ya aerodynamic. Pamene mpweya woponderezedwa umayendetsa pisitoni ya pampu ya mpweya kuti isunthire mmwamba ndi pansi, mpope wa resin umatulutsa utomoni mu resin resin mochulukira kudzera mu chowongolera ndi fyuluta. Chingwe cham'mbali chimapangitsa kuti pampu yothandizira kusuntha ndikupopera mochulukira chothandizira kulowa m'malo osungira. Mpweya wopanikizidwa umadzazidwa m'madamu awiriwa kuti apange mphamvu yotchinga moyang'anizana ndi kuthamanga kwa mpope, kuonetsetsa kuti utomoni umayenda mokhazikika komanso chothandizira mutu wa jakisoni. Jekeseni mfuti pambuyo chipwirikiti otaya mu chosakanizira malo amodzi, ndipo akhoza kupanga utomoni ndi chothandizira mu chikhalidwe palibe mpweya kusakaniza, nkhungu jekeseni, ndiyeno osakaniza mfuti ndi detergent polowera kapangidwe, ndi 0,28 MPa kuthamanga zosungunulira thanki, pamene makina mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, yatsani chosinthira, zosungunulira zokha, mfuti ya jakisoni kuti muyeretse.
② Nkhungu RTM nkhungu lagawidwa mu galasi zitsulo nkhungu, galasi zitsulo yokutidwa nkhungu zitsulo ndi nkhungu zitsulo. Fiberglass nkhungu ndizosavuta kupanga komanso zotsika mtengo, zoumba za polyester fiberglass zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 2,000, ma epoxy fiberglass amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 4,000. Galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa nkhungu pulasitiki ndi golide yokutidwa pamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zoposa 10000. Zitsulo zachitsulo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu ndondomeko ya RTM. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa nkhungu wa RTM ndi 2% mpaka 16% wa SMC.
(2) RTM zopangira
RTM imagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira monga resin system, reinforcement material and filler.
Dongosolo la utomoni Utoto waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga RTM ndi unsaturated polyester resin.
Zipangizo zolimbikitsira General RTM zida zolimbikitsira makamaka ulusi wagalasi, zomwe zili ndi 25% ~ 45% (chiwerengero cha kulemera); Zida zolimbikitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi magalasi fiber fiber mosalekeza, kumva kophatikiza ndi bolodi.
Zodzaza ndizofunika kwambiri panjira ya RTM chifukwa sizingochepetsa mtengo ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso zimayamwa kutentha panthawi yamphamvu yochiritsa utomoni. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aluminium hydroxide, mikanda yagalasi, calcium carbonate, mica ndi zina zotero. Mlingo wake ndi 20% ~ 40%.
Njira yokakamiza thumba, njira ya autoclave, njira ya hydraulic kettle nditnjira yowonjezera hermal
Njira yopondereza thumba, njira ya autoclave, njira ya hydraulic kettle ndi njira yowonjezera kutentha yomwe imadziwika kuti low pressure molding process. Kapangidwe kake ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira mawotchi, zida zolimbikitsira ndi utomoni (kuphatikiza zinthu za prepreg) molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi dongosolo losanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza pa nkhungu, ikafika makulidwe omwe adanenedwa, kukakamiza, kutentha, kuchiritsa, kutsitsa, kuvala ndi kupeza zinthu. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira zinayi ndi njira yopangira phala lamanja kumangokhalira kuchiritsa kwamphamvu. Choncho, iwo basi kusintha kwa dzanja phala kupanga ndondomeko, kuti patsogolo kachulukidwe mankhwala ndi interlayer kugwirizana mphamvu.
Ndi magalasi amphamvu kwambiri, ulusi wa kaboni, ulusi wa boron, utomoni wa aramong ndi utomoni wa epoxy monga zopangira, zinthu zopangidwa ndi gulu lapamwamba lopangidwa ndi njira yochepetsera mphamvu zotsika zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ndege, zoponya, ma satelayiti ndi mlengalenga. Monga zitseko za ndege, fairing, radome ndege, bulaketi, phiko, mchira, bulkhead, khoma ndi chozemba ndege.
(1) Njira yokakamiza thumba
Thumba kukanikiza akamaumba ndi dzanja phala akamaumba zinthu unsolidified, kudzera matumba mphira kapena zipangizo zotanuka ntchito mpweya kapena kuthamanga madzi, kuti mankhwala pansi pa mavuto wandiweyani, olimba.
Ubwino wa thumba kupanga njira ndi: (1) yosalala mbali zonse za mankhwala; ② Sinthani ku polyester, epoxy ndi phenolic resin; Kulemera kwa mankhwalawa ndikwambiri kuposa phala lamanja.
Njira ya 2: (1) thumba lachikwama la thumba lachikwama la pulasitiki ndi phala lamanja lomwe silingapangidwe muthumba labala, kuyika mbale yophimba, kenako kudzera mumpweya kapena nthunzi (0.25 ~) 0.5mpa), kotero kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'mikhalidwe yotentha zimakhazikika. (2) Vacuum thumba njira njira imeneyi ndi dzanja phala zooneka unsolidified mankhwala, ndi wosanjikiza mphira filimu, mankhwala pakati pa mphira filimu ndi nkhungu, kusindikiza periphery, zingalowe (0.05 ~ 0.07mpa), kuti thovu ndi volatils. mu mankhwala saphatikizidwa. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakung'ono kwa vacuum, njira yopangira thumba la vacuum imangogwiritsidwa ntchito ponyowa popanga polyester ndi zinthu za epoxy composite.
(2) hot pressure ketulo ndi hydraulic kettle njira
Hot autoclaved ketulo ndi hayidiroliki ketulo njira ali mu chidebe zitsulo, kudzera wothinikizidwa mpweya kapena madzi pa unsolidified dzanja phala mankhwala Kutentha, kuthamanga, kupanga izo olimba akamaumba ndondomeko.
Autoclave njira autoclave ndi yopingasa chitsulo chotengera chotengera, uncured m'manja phala mankhwala, kuphatikizapo osindikizidwa matumba apulasitiki, vacuum, ndiyeno ndi nkhungu ndi galimoto kulimbikitsa autoclave, kupyolera nthunzi (kupanikizika ndi 1.5 ~ 2.5mpa), ndi vacuum, kupsyinjika. mankhwala, Kutentha, kuwira kuwira, kotero kuti solidifies pansi pa zikhalidwe za kutentha kuthamanga. Zimaphatikiza ubwino wa njira ya chikwama chopanikizika ndi njira ya thumba la vacuum, yokhala ndi kadulidwe kakang'ono ka kupanga ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la mankhwala. Njira yotentha ya autoclave imatha kutulutsa kukula kwakukulu, mawonekedwe ovuta amtundu wapamwamba, zinthu zophatikizika kwambiri. Kukula kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa ndi autoclave. Pakadali pano, autoclave yayikulu kwambiri ku China ili ndi mainchesi a 2.5m ndi kutalika kwa 18m. Zogulitsa zomwe zapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito zikuphatikiza mapiko, mchira, satellite antenna reflector, missile reentry body ndi airborne sandwich structure radome. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndi ndalama zogulira zida, kulemera, kapangidwe kake, mtengo wapamwamba.
Hydraulic kettle njira Hydraulic ketulo ndi chotengera chotsekeka chotsekeka, voliyumu yake ndi yaying'ono kuposa ketulo yotentha yotentha, yowongoka, yopangidwa kudzera pamadzi otentha, pazitsulo zosakhazikika m'manja zomwe zimatenthedwa, zopanikizidwa, kotero kuti zimakhazikika. Kuthamanga kwa hydraulic ketulo kumatha kufika 2MPa kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kutentha ndi 80 ~ 100 ℃. Chonyamulira mafuta, kutentha mpaka 200 ℃. The mankhwala opangidwa ndi njirayi ndi wandiweyani, yochepa mkombero, kuipa kwa hayidiroliki ketulo njira ndi ndalama yaikulu mu zipangizo.
(3) matenthedwe kuwonjezera akamaumba njira
Kuwotcha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zapakhoma zopyapyala zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokulirapo ya zida za nkhungu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zotentha zochulukirapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya extrusion, pomanga kukakamiza kwazinthu. Chikombole chachimuna cha njira yowonjezera kutentha ndi mphira wa silicon wokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera, ndipo nkhungu yachikazi ndi yachitsulo yokhala ndi coefficient yaing'ono yowonjezera. Zosakaniza zosakhazikika zimayikidwa pakati pa nkhungu yamphongo ndi nkhungu yachikazi ndi dzanja. Chifukwa cha kukulitsa kosiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa nkhungu zabwino ndi zoyipa, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kosinthika, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba pansi pazovuta zotentha.
Nthawi yotumiza: 29-06-22