Ma Polima Apamwamba Osagwira Kutentha kwa Mapulogalamu Opanikizika Kwambiri

Masiku ano wovuta mafakitale malo, zigawo zikuluzikulu nthawi zonse kukankhidwira malire awo. Kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi mankhwala owopsa ndi ochepa chabe mwa zovuta zomwe zipangizo zimakumana nazo. M'mapulogalamu awa, ma polima achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, amatsitsa kapena kutaya magwiridwe antchito pakutentha kwambiri. Mwamwayi, mbadwo watsopano wa ma polima osamva kutentha watulukira, omwe akupereka ntchito zapadera m'malo opsinjika kwambiri.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za dziko la ma polima ochita bwino kwambiri, osamva kutentha. Tiwunika zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito movutikira, tikambirana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima osamva kutentha, ndikuwunika momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Kumvetsetsa Kukaniza Kutentha mu Ma polima

Kusasunthika kwa kutentha, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kukhazikika kwamafuta, kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa polima kusunga mawonekedwe ake ndi zinthu zake zikakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika ndi magwiridwe antchito m'malo otentha kwambiri. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polima asatenthedwe:

• Kutentha kwa Glass Transition (Tg):Uku ndi kutentha komwe polima imasintha kuchoka ku malo olimba, magalasi kupita ku mphira kwambiri. Ma polima okhala ndi Tg apamwamba amawonetsa kukana kutentha.
• Kutentha kwa Thermal Decomposition Temperature (Td):Uku ndi kutentha komwe polima imayamba kusweka ndi mankhwala. Ma polima okhala ndi ma Td apamwamba amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kusanawonongeke.
• Kapangidwe ka Chemical:Makonzedwe enieni a maatomu ndi ma bond mkati mwa tcheni cha polima amakhudza kukhazikika kwake kwamafuta. Ma polima okhala ndi ma covalent bond amphamvu nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukana kutentha.

Mitundu ya Ma polima osamva kutentha

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima ochita bwino kwambiri imapereka kukana kutentha kwapadera pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Nazi zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino:

• Polyimides (PI):Odziwika chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo kwamafuta, ma PI amadzitamandira kwambiri Tg ndi Td. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, zamagetsi, komanso magalimoto chifukwa cha makina awo abwino kwambiri ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
• Polyetherketones (PEEK):PEEK imapereka kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwa kukana kutentha, kukana kwamankhwala, ndi mphamvu zamakina. Imapeza ntchito m'magawo ofunikira monga kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zoyika zachipatala.
• Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PFA, FEP):Banja ili la ma polima, kuphatikiza Teflon™, likuwonetsa kutentha kwapadera komanso kukana mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutchinjiriza magetsi, makina ogwiritsira ntchito madzimadzi, komanso zokutira zopanda ndodo chifukwa cha kugundana kwawo kochepa.
• Ma polima a Silicone:Ma polima osunthikawa amapereka kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha, kukhazikika, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu gaskets, zisindikizo, ndi ma hoses m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
• Ma Thermoplastics apamwamba kwambiri (PEEK, PPS, PSU):Ma thermoplastics apamwambawa amadzitamandira kwambiri kukana kutentha, mphamvu zamakina, komanso kuchedwa kwamoto. Akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira pazovuta zamagalimoto monga zida zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi, ndi zida zamlengalenga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Polymers Olimbana ndi Kutentha

Ma polima osamva kutentha amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamafakitale osiyanasiyana opsinjika kwambiri. Nazi zitsanzo zazikulu:

• Zamlengalenga:Zida za injini, zishango zoteteza kutentha, ndi zida za ndege zimafunikira kupirira kutentha kwambiri kuti zipirire kutentha kwambiri.
• Zamagetsi:Mabokosi osindikizira, zolumikizira magetsi, ndi zoyika za IC zimadalira ma polima osamva kutentha kuti azikhala okhazikika komanso odalirika potentha.
• Zagalimoto:Zigawo za injini, zida za pansi pa hood, ndi matayala othamanga kwambiri amapindula ndi ma polima osagwira kutentha omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri komanso malo ovuta.
• Kufufuza Mafuta ndi Gasi:Zigawo zapansi, mapaipi, ndi zosindikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ndi gasi zimafuna zipangizo zomwe zingathe kupirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika.
• Chemical Processing:Ma rectors a Chemical, matanki osungira, ndi mapaipi amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zamadzimadzi ndi makemikolo omwe amafunikira ma polima osatentha komanso osamva mankhwala.
• Zida Zachipatala:Zipangizo zachipatala zolowetsedwa m'thupi, zotsekera, ndi zida zopangira maopaleshoni zimafunikira zida zomwe zimatha kupirira kuyeretsa kwambiri ndi njira zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga kutentha kwambiri.

Tsogolo la Ma polima Osagwira Kutentha

Ntchito zofufuza ndi chitukuko zikupitilira kukankhira malire a kukana kutentha mu ma polima. Zida zatsopano zokhala ndi ma Tg ndi Td apamwamba kwambiri zikupangidwa, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zopsinjika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuphatikiza mfundo zokhazikika kumabweretsa kuwunika kwa ma polima osamva kutentha kwa bio-based kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa chilengedwe.

Mapeto

Ma polima osamva kutentha amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino komanso zodalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale. Kumvetsetsa zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi mitundu yomwe ilipo imalola mainjiniya ndi opanga kusankha zinthu zoyenera kwambiri pazosowa zenizeni. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, tsogolo likhala ndi lonjezo la ma polima odabwitsa kwambiri osamva kutentha, kupitilira malire a zomwe zingatheke m'malo omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri.